Nominal complementizers (e.g. Eng. that, Fr. que) often have the same morphophonological form as other grammatical items, such as demonstrative, relative, and wh-pronouns. In this paper we treat such overlaps as instantiations of syncretism, and we discuss the different patterns of syncretism with the nominal complementizer in various languages. We treat the syncretism facts within a nanosyntactic framework (Starke 2009, Caha 2009), meaning that complementizers are not simplex heads of CP (or ForceP/FinP in Rizzi’s 1997 sense) but actually composed of multiple features, each feature corresponding to a head in a single functional sequence which is responsible for building demonstratives, complementizers, relativizers, and wh-pronouns (for alternative decompositions of complementizers in Romance, Balkan, and Germanic, see also Baunaz 2015, 2016, to appear Sanfelice & Poletto 2014; and Leu 2015, respectively). Interestingly, moreover, many of the languages under discussion show a bound morpheme appearing as an integral part of the internal morphological makeup of quantifiers. This bound morpheme may also be syncretic with the complementizer (Romance -que/-che, Serbo-Croatian -sto , Modern Greek -ti, Finnish -kin, and Hungarian ho-) or not (Germanic -thing/-ting, for which see also Leu 2005). We call this the ‘nominal core’ (n), and its behavior with regard to syncretism is crucial for determining the hierarchical ordering of the functional sequence.

中文翻译：

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与名义补语的融合

名词性补语（例如 Eng. that, Fr. que）通常与其他语法项目具有相同的形态语音形式，例如指示代词、关系代词和 wh 代词。在本文中，我们将这种重叠视为融合的实例化，并讨论了各种语言中带有名义补语的融合的不同模式。我们在纳米句法框架（Starke 2009，Caha 2009）中处理融合事实，这意味着补语不是 CP 的单纯头（或 Rizzi 1997 意义上的 ForceP/FinP），而是实际上由多个特征组成，每个特征对应于一个单一的功能序列，负责构建指示词、补语、关系词和 wh 代词（关于浪漫、巴尔干和日耳曼语中补语的替代分解，另见 Baunaz 2015、2016，出现在 Sanfelice & Poletto 2014；和 Leu 2015）。此外，有趣的是，许多正在讨论的语言都显示出绑定语素，它是量词内部形态构成的一个组成部分。这种绑定语素也可能与补语（Romance -que/-che、Serbo-Croatian -sto、现代希腊语 -ti、芬兰语 -kin 和匈牙利语 ho-）融合或不融合（日耳曼语 -thing/-ting，为此另见 Leu 2005）。我们称其为“名义核心”（n），其关于融合的行为对于确定功能序列的层次排序至关重要。这种绑定语素也可能与补语（Romance -que/-che、Serbo-Croatian -sto、现代希腊语 -ti、芬兰语 -kin 和匈牙利语 ho-）融合或不融合（日耳曼语 -thing/-ting，为此另见 Leu 2005）。我们称其为“名义核心”（n），其关于融合的行为对于确定功能序列的层次排序至关重要。这种绑定语素也可能与补语（Romance -que/-che、Serbo-Croatian -sto、现代希腊语 -ti、芬兰语 -kin 和匈牙利语 ho-）融合或不融合（日耳曼语 -thing/-ting，为此另见 Leu 2005）。我们称其为“名义核心”（n），其关于融合的行为对于确定功能序列的层次排序至关重要。