Syntactic functions are best conceptualized as prototypical associations of features at a variety of formal and semantic levels, which elements in actual clauses will match to different extents. In Spanish, the prototypical (accusative) object has a third‐person, inanimate, non‐autonomous entity as its referent. The encoding of the direct participants, i.e. the first and second persons, as syntactic objects will entail a displacement from the prototype that can have significant functional and meaningful effects. Based on a corpus of oral and written Peninsular Spanish, the study addresses the main patterns of quantitative variation and contextual choice of first‐ and second‐person object encoding. Both the differences across syntactic functions, persons and numbers and the main features of formal variability within the clause—explicit formulation vs. morphological indexation, as well as preverbal vs. postverbal placement when formulated—are taken into account. It is concluded that the cognitive salience associated with first‐ and second‐person objects makes them functionally and cognitively similar to syntactic subjects. In turn, the different choices related to their formal configuration can be used to modulate the degree of involvement attributed to their referents in the content of discourse

中文翻译：

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作为对象的参与者：西班牙语中第一人称和第二人称对象编码的变化和含义

句法功能最好被概念化为各种形式和语义级别的特征的原型关联，实际条款中的元素将在不同程度上匹配。在西班牙语中，原型（宾格）对象有一个第三人称的、无生命的、非自治的实体作为它的指称。将直接参与者（即第一人称和第二人称）编码为句法对象将需要从原型中进行置换，从而产生显着的功能和有意义的效果。该研究基于口头和书面的半岛西班牙语语料库，解决了第一和第二人称对象编码的数量变化和上下文选择的主要模式。句法函数之间的差异，人员和数字以及条款中形式可变性的主要特征——显式表述与形态索引，以及表述时的动词前与动词后位置——都被考虑在内。结论是，与第一人称和第二人称对象相关的认知显着性使它们在功能和认知上与句法主语相似。反过来，与其形式配置相关的不同选择可用于调节归因于其所指对象在话语内容中的参与程度