In the third decade of the fourteenth century, the first definitive steps were taken to replace Aristotle’s theory of projectile motion and to apply the new theory to explain finite motion in a vacuum. The main actors in this shift were the Franciscan theologians Francis of Marchia, Gerald Odonis, and Nicholas Bonet, as well as Francesc Marbres, the artist formerly known as ‘John the Canon,’ but there is some confusion about their respective roles. Over the past decade, critical editions and manuscript studies of the pertinent texts of Marchia, Odonis, and Marbres have provided the raw materials to straighten out what some have considered the early background to the Galilean theory of projectile motion.

中文翻译：

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根据 Francesc Marbres、Francis of Marchia、Gerald Odonis 和 Nicholas Bonet 的说法，真空中的弹丸运动


在 14 世纪的第三个十年，采取了第一个确定性步骤来取代亚里士多德的抛射运动理论，并将新理论应用于解释真空中的有限运动。这一转变的主要演员是方济各会神学家弗朗西斯的马奇亚、杰拉尔德·奥多尼斯和尼古拉斯·博内，以及前身为“佳能约翰”的艺术家弗朗西斯·马尔布雷斯，但他们各自的角色有些混乱。在过去十年中，对 Marchia、Odonis 和 Marbres 相关文本的批判性版本和手稿研究提供了原材料，可以理顺一些人认为伽利略抛射运动理论的早期背景。