These four books examine civil cases involving African Americans in the South between the early nineteenth century and 1950. A central theme unites them:What should historians make of courtroom victories by African American civil parties in the nineteenth-century South? African Americans—slave or free—had the deck stacked against them when they entered the courtroom in this period, especially in southern states. Courts were an improbable source of justice for African Americans in a system of white social and political domination, and criminal law was a key instrument of African American oppression. Courts are rightly remembered as sites that legitimated violence against African American individuals and the entire black population. And yet

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19 世纪南方自下而上的种族与法律：一篇评论文章

这四本书考察了 19 世纪早期至 1950 年间涉及南方非裔美国人的民事案件。一个中心主题将它们联系在一起：历史学家应该如何看待 19 世纪南方非裔美国人民事当事人在法庭上的胜利？在此期间，特别是在南部各州，非裔美国人——无论是奴隶还是自由人——进入法庭时，都将甲板叠在他们身上。在白人社会和政治统治的体系中，法院对于非裔美国人来说是一个不可能的正义来源，而刑法是非裔美国人压迫的关键工具。人们正确地记住法院是将针对非裔美国人和整个黑人人口的暴力行为合法化的网站。但是