This article examines attempts to demonstrate the truth of physiocratic principles in eighteenth-century Baden. Emphasizing the importance of the so-called net yield ( produit net ), a surplus product understood to be created primarily in agriculture, the physiocrats advanced a new science of material prosperity and moral welfare. Despite its alleged “self-evidence,” physiocracy invited strong criticism from those who denied the force of its abstractions. Ultimately regarded as ill-fated and unconvincing, these trials were significant for their attempt to offer an experiential demonstration aimed at persuading doubters and silencing critics. The apparent failure notwithstanding, the episode illustrates how the idiom and practice of experiment served as a powerful resource for generating conviction in the eighteenth century, even in matters extending beyond the emerging natural sciences.

中文翻译：

---

展示自然秩序：1770-1802 年在巴登的重农试验

本文考察了在 18 世纪巴登证明重农学原理真理的尝试。重农主义者强调所谓的净产量（produit net）的重要性，这是一种被理解为主要在农业中产生的剩余产品，重农主义者提出了一门关于物质繁荣和道德福利的新科学。尽管其所谓的“不言自明”，重农主义还是招致了那些否认其抽象力量的人的强烈批评。最终被认为是命运多舛和没有说服力的审判，因为他们试图提供一种旨在说服怀疑者和使批评者沉默的经验性示范，因此意义重大。尽管有明显的失败，这一集还是说明了实验的习语和实践如何成为 18 世纪产生信念的强大资源，