World War I reshaped the international economy. This was, in part, the consequence of British mobilization of resources for its own war effort, which aligned producer interests around the world with those of the United Kingdom. But it was also a consequence of Western policy aimed at excluding German businessmen from global markets. German planners noted during World War I that Great Britain, in particular, was expressing an interest in continuing such exclusion after the war, with potentially enormous economic consequences for Germany. Combatting or preventing such an economic “war after the war” prompted German businessmen and politicians to support a series of policies that would have profoundly changed the institutions and norms of the prewar international economy. These policies ranged from imposing one-sided trade agreements, expanding the mark zone, and establishing German control over Eastern European industries and infrastructure, to creating shipping cartels and imposing compulsory raw material delivery agreements on the Western powers. The result of German efforts to direct trade and investment in ways preferable to the German state would have been a deeply politicized postwar international economy. The article argues that economic questions were thus a central component of German war aims, but that these were not fixed: they evolved over the course of the war in response to changes in the international economy, and they focused not on short-term emergencies but rather on longer-term structural changes.

中文翻译：

---

“世界将有一张新面孔”：德国人和一战后的全球经济秩序

第一次世界大战重塑了国际经济。这在一定程度上是英国为自己的战争努力动员资源的结果，它使世界各地的生产者利益与英国的利益保持一致。但这也是西方旨在将德国商人排除在全球市场之外的政策的结果。德国规划者在第一次世界大战期间指出，特别是英国表示有兴趣在战后继续这种排斥，这可能会给德国带来巨大的经济后果。打击或防止这种经济“战后战争”促使德国商人和政治家支持一系列政策，这些政策将深刻改变战前国际经济的制度和规范。这些政策包括强加片面的贸易协定、扩大标记区，建立德国对东欧工业和基础设施的控制，创建航运卡特尔并对西方列强实施强制性原材料交付协议。德国以优于德国国家的方式引导贸易和投资的努力的结果，将是战后国际经济高度政治化的结果。文章认为，经济问题因此是德国战争目标的核心组成部分，但这些问题不是固定的：它们在战争过程中随着国际经济的变化而演变，它们的重点不是短期紧急情况，而是而不是更长期的结构性变化。建立航运卡特尔并对西方列强实施强制性原材料交付协议。德国以优于德国国家的方式引导贸易和投资的努力的结果，将是战后国际经济高度政治化的结果。文章认为，经济问题因此是德国战争目标的核心组成部分，但这些问题不是固定的：它们在战争过程中随着国际经济的变化而演变，它们的重点不是短期紧急情况，而是而不是更长期的结构性变化。建立航运卡特尔并对西方列强实施强制性原材料交付协议。德国以优于德国国家的方式引导贸易和投资的努力的结果，将是战后国际经济高度政治化的结果。文章认为，经济问题因此是德国战争目标的核心组成部分，但这些问题不是固定的：它们在战争过程中随着国际经济的变化而演变，它们的重点不是短期紧急情况，而是而不是更长期的结构性变化。