Violence and peace-making in medieval Italy have often been analysed in urban environments. But what happened if two powerful baronial families clashed in the countryside? This paper, by looking at the feud between the Farnese and Orsini di Pitigliano during the Western Schism, illuminates various patterns of conflict and conciliation. Such conflicts witnessed the participation of relatives, allies, and subjects who shared in the sense of community and honour of their lords. The various motivations for actors to become involved on behalf of or in opposition to barons are analysed here in detail. The events of the Farnese–Orsini feud on the micro-level are linked to wider developments on the Italian peninsula and European politics. In the second part of this paper the successful conclusion of the feud is analysed in light of the return of the papacy to Rome. The meticulous detail in which the peace agreement was hammered out then provides further insight into the strategies employed by baronial families to maintain the peace. In all, this paper therefore contributes to the study of violence and peace-making as well as of the Italian nobility during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.

中文翻译：

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“像荆棘丛中的百合花”：法尔内斯和奥尔西尼之间的高贵权力和暴力的模式，1378-1447

中世纪意大利的暴力与和平建设经常在城市环境中进行分析。但是，如果两个强大的贵族家庭在农村发生冲突，会发生什么？本文通过研究西方分裂时期法尔内塞人和奥尔西尼迪皮蒂利亚诺之间的争执，阐明了各种冲突与和解的模式。这种冲突见证了亲属、盟友和臣民的参与，他们在社区意识和领主荣誉上享有共同的利益。此处详细分析了参与者代表或反对贵族参与的各种动机。微观层面的法尔内塞-奥尔西尼不和事件与意大利半岛和欧洲政治的更广泛发展有关。在本文的第二部分，根据罗马教皇权的回归，分析了这场争斗的成功结束。和平协议敲定的细致细节使人们进一步了解了贵族家庭为维持和平而采用的策略。总之，本文因此有助于研究 14 世纪和 15 世纪的暴力与和平制定以及意大利贵族。