How can we explain the demise of the new postwar moral framework of anti-racism and equality and the subsequent rise of integration pessimism in Western Europe in the 1980s, a pessimism that led to the widely accepted idea, from left to right, that “multiculturalism” has failed? And how does this square with the simultaneous establishment of an extraordinary free migration regime within Europe that enables EU citizens to move and pick up work in any other member state? Answers to these questions can be found in three very different, yet complimentary studies that help us to understand more deeply the current alarmist public view of migration and integration, as well as its historical roots:The Crisis of Multiculturalismby Rita Chin, based in Ann Arbor;The European Migration Regimeby Emmanuel Comte, from Berkeley; and Steven Jensen's (Danish Institute for Human Rights)The Making of International Human Rights. The studies by Chin and Comte offer a representative gauge of the blossoming field of migration studies and, in particular, show how this specialist niche can enrich insights into much broader (political, cultural, economic, and social) postwar developments in Europe and beyond. Jensen's innovative and critical book on the postwar “humanitarian turn” is highly relevant for migration studies, as it places the establishment of the United Nations (UN) and a number of its institutions, such as UNHCR and UNESCO, in a new light. Although many more books have been published on these topics in recent years, these three complement each other and provide a useful building block for a new understanding of the emergence of the postwar European migration regime, its paradoxes and consequences. In this review, I will first sketch the wider context and then detail the three books and how they relate to each other.

中文翻译：

---

欧洲移民制度的兴起及其悖论（1945-2020）

我们如何解释战后新的反种族主义和平等道德框架的消亡以及随后在 1980 年代西欧融合悲观主义的兴起，这种悲观主义导致了从左到右被广泛接受的观点，即“多元文化主义“失败了？这与在欧洲同时建立一个非凡的自由移民制度，使欧盟公民能够在任何其他成员国移动和就业有什么关系？这些问题的答案可以在三个非常不同但互补的研究中找到，这些研究有助于我们更深入地了解当前危言耸听的公众对移民和融合的看法及其历史根源：多元文化主义的危机由位于安娜堡的 Rita Chin 撰写；欧洲移民制度来自伯克利的 Emmanuel Comte；和 Steven Jensen（丹麦人权研究所）国际人权的形成. Chin 和 Comte 的研究为蓬勃发展的移民研究领域提供了一个具有代表性的衡量标准，特别是展示了这一专业领域如何能够丰富对欧洲及其他地区更广泛（政治、文化、经济和社会）战后发展的见解。Jensen 关于战后“人道主义转向”的创新和批判性著作与移民研究高度相关，因为它以新的视角看待联合国 (UN) 及其一些机构的建立，例如难民署和联合国教科文组织。尽管近年来已经出版了更多关于这些主题的书籍，但这三本书相辅相成，为重新理解战后欧洲移民制度的出现、其悖论和后果提供了有用的基础。在本次审查中，