Examining intra-colonial punitive relocations during the first decade of US occupation in the Philippines, this article shows how colonial police and prison officials used incarceration and transportation in tandem to suppress incipient populist revolutionary movements. They exploited historic regional and religious tensions in their effort to produce new modes of racialized and gendered prison and labor management. Finally, while colonial officials sought to brand certain imprisoned subjects as criminal outlaws, rather than political prisoners, many of these anticolonial fighters actually sharpened their ideas about freedom through their experience of being criminalized, incarcerated, and forcibly relocated.

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害怕洪水：运输作为美国占领菲律宾的平叛

本文考察了美国占领菲律宾头十年期间的殖民内部惩罚性搬迁，展示了殖民警察和监狱官员如何同时使用监禁和运输来镇压初期的民粹主义革命运动。他们利用历史上的地区和宗教紧张局势，努力产生新的种族化和性别化监狱和劳工管理模式。最后，虽然殖民官员试图将某些被监禁的对象称为罪犯，而不是政治犯，但这些反殖民战士中的许多人实际上通过被定罪、监禁和强制迁移的经历，强化了他们对自由的看法。