This article studies the strategic disciplinary and productive function of the colonial penal system of the Dutch East Indies (1816–1942). Developing convict labour as the main punishment for minor public and labour offences, the Dutch colonial regime created an increasingly effective system of exploitation that weaved together colonial discipline, control, and coercion. This system was based on two major carceral connections: firstly, the interrelated development and employment of different coerced labour regimes, and, secondly, the disciplinary role of the legal-carceral regime within the wider colonial project, supporting not only the management of public order and labour control, but also colonial production systems. Punishment of colonial subjects through “administrative justice” (police law) accelerated in the second half of the nineteenth century, leading to an explosion in the number of convictions. The convict labour force produced by this carceral regime was vital for colonial production, supporting colonial goals such as expansion, infrastructure, extraction, and production. The Dutch colonial system was a very early, but quite advanced, case of a colonial carceral state.

中文翻译：

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监狱殖民地：荷属东印度群岛的殖民剥削、胁迫和控制，1810 年代至 1940 年代

本文研究荷属东印度群岛（1816-1942）殖民刑罚制度的战略纪律和生产功能。荷兰殖民政权将罪犯劳动作为对轻微公共和劳动罪行的主要惩罚，创造了一个日益有效的剥削制度，将殖民纪律、控制和胁迫结合在一起。该系统基于两个主要监狱关系：首先，不同强迫劳动制度的相互关联的发展和就业，其次，法律-监禁制度在更广泛的殖民项目中的纪律作用，不仅支持公共秩序和劳动控制的管理，而且支持殖民生产系统. 十九世纪下半叶，通过“行政司法”（警察法）对殖民地臣民的惩罚加速，导致定罪数量激增。这个监狱政权产生的囚犯劳动力对于殖民生产至关重要，支持扩张、基础设施、开采和生产等殖民目标。荷兰殖民体系是一个非常早期但相当先进的殖民监狱国家案例。