Coming after Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-ʿUrḍī (1200–1266) and Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī (1201–1274), Quṭb al-Dīn al-Shīrāzī (1236–1311), a leading figure of the so-called Marāgha school in astronomy, presents his predecessors’ non-Ptolemaic models and criticizes them in his three hayʾa books. Since his own new models in Nihāyat al-idrāk (written in Arabic in 1281) and Ikhtiyārāt muẓaffarī (written in Persian in 1282) are not without difficulties, in his latest book on hayʾa, al-Tuḥfa al-shāhiyya (written in Arabic in 1285) he puts forward his modified models inspired from Ṭūsī’s and ʿUrḍī’s models and produces a series of new models for Mercury and the oscillation of the spheres. Nevertheless, in spite of all his attempts, the tradition of non-Ptolemaic modeling after him never converged to a series of standard models.

中文翻译：

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QUṬB AL-DĪN AL-SHĪRĀZĪ 与 13 世纪非托勒密行星模型的发展

在 Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-ʿUrḍī (1200-1266) 和 Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī (1201-1274) 之后，Quṭb al-Dīn al-Shīrāzī (1236-1311)，所谓的 Marāgha 的领军人物天文学学派，介绍了他的前辈的非托勒密模型，并在他的三个干草图书。自从他自己的新车型在Nihāyat al-idrāk（1281 年用阿拉伯语写成）和Ikhtiyārāt muẓaffarī（1282 年用波斯文写成）并非没有困难，在他最新的关于干草,al-Tuḥfa al-shahiyya（1285 年用阿拉伯语写成）他提出了受Ṭūsī 和 ʿUrḍī 模型启发的修改模型，并为水星和球体的振荡制作了一系列新模型。然而，尽管他做了所有尝试，但在他之后的非托勒密造型传统从未收敛到一系列标准模型。