Urban soils have been changed much by human impacts in terms of structure, composition and use. This review paper gives a general introduction into changes from compaction, mixing, water retention, nutrient inputs, sealing, gardening, and pollution. Because pollutions in particular have caused concerns in the past, metal pollutions and platinum group metal inputs have been treated in more detail. Though it is not possible to cover the entire literature done on this field, it has been tried to give examples from all continents, regarding geochemical background levels. Urban metal soil pollution depends on the age of the settlement, current emissions from traffic and industry, and washout. It seems that in regions of high precipitation, pollutants are swept away to the watershed, leaving the soils less polluted than in Europe. Health hazards, however, are caused by ingestion and inhalation, which are higher in 3rd world countries, and not by concentrations met in urban soils as such; these are not treated within this paper in detail. With respect to pollutants, this paper is focused on metals. Contrary to many reviews of the past, which mix all data into one column, like sampling depth, sieved grain sizes, digestion and determination methods, these have been considered, because this might lead to considerable interpretation changes. Because many datasets are not Gaussian distributed, medians and concentration ranges are given, wherever possible. Urban dust contains about two to three fold the hazardous metal concentrations met in urban soils. Some data about metal mobilities obtained from selective and sequential leaching procedures, are also added. Soil compaction, pollution, sealings and run-offs cause stress situations for green plants growing at roadside locations, which is discussed in the Section 5. Environmental protection measures have led to decrease metal pollutions within the last decade in many places.

中文翻译：

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城市土壤和道路扬尘—文明效应和金属污染—评述

在结构，组成和用途方面，人类的影响已大大改变了城市土壤。这篇综述文章简要介绍了压实，混合，保水，养分输入，密封，园艺和污染方面的变化。由于过去特别引起污染，因此已经对金属污染和铂族金属输入进行了更详细的处理。尽管不可能涵盖该领域的全部文献，但已尝试从地球上的地球化学背景水平给出所有大洲的实例。城市金属土壤的污染取决于居民区的年龄，交通和工业产生的当前排放量以及冲刷量。似乎在高降水量地区，污染物被驱赶到集水区，使土壤受到的污染比欧洲少。健康危害，然而，这是由于摄入和吸入引起的，而这些摄入和吸入在第三世界国家中较高，而不是由城市土壤本身所达到的浓度引起的；这些在本文中未详细处理。关于污染物，本文主要针对金属。与过去的许多评论相反，这些评论将所有数据混合到一列中，例如采样深度，筛分的粒度，消解和测定方法，因为这些评论可能会导致重大的解释更改。由于许多数据集不是高斯分布的，因此将尽可能给出中值和浓度范围。城市粉尘中含有约2-3倍城市土壤中所含有害金属的浓度。还添加了有关通过选择性浸提和顺序浸提程序获得的金属迁移率的一些数据。土壤压实，污染