Cloud computing has rapidly penetrated enterprise and user computing markets with three prominent service models: software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and infrastructure as a service (IaaS). Cloud computing has also proven to be one of the most important environmentally sustainable technological innovations in the year of Industrial Revolution 4.0. While SaaS and IaaS are the two largest revenue generating services in the cloud service market, the pricing and profit generating mechanisms of the SaaS and IaaS providers have not yet been well understood. Unless the SaaS providers’ profit-maximizing decision is considered, any pricing decision by the IaaS providers is likely to be suboptimal. Hence, this paper proposes a Stackelberg game pricing decision model with the aim of maximizing the profit of the IaaS provider, given the best response of the SaaS provider. This paper develops an analytical closed-form solution to the pricing problem and presents sensitivity analyses to give valuable insights into the pricing dynamics and negotiation between the SaaS provider and IaaS provider. Finally, implications of these findings and future research directions are discussed.

中文翻译：

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SaaS提供商和IaaS提供商的定价和利润管理模型

云计算已通过三种著名的服务模型迅速渗透到企业和用户计算市场：软件即服务（SaaS），平台即服务（PaaS）和基础架构即服务（IaaS）。在工业革命4.0年中，云计算也被证明是最重要的环境可持续技术创新之一。虽然SaaS和IaaS是云服务市场上两个最大的创收服务，但尚未完全理解SaaS和IaaS提供商的定价和获利机制。除非考虑SaaS提供商的利润最大化决策，否则IaaS提供商的任何定价决策都可能不是最优的。因此，本文提出了Stackelberg游戏定价决策模型，旨在最大程度地提高IaaS提供商的利润，获得SaaS提供商的最佳响应。本文针对价格问题开发了一种分析型封闭式解决方案，并提供了敏感性分析，可为SaaS提供者与IaaS提供者之间的定价动态和协商提供有价值的见解。最后，讨论了这些发现的含义和未来的研究方向。