The survival of the original reports of officials engaged in the Dufferin Inquiry (1887–88) from what is now Uttar Pradesh, enables us to have detailed descriptions of the extent of poverty in India’s countryside at that time. The details cover conditions of women, including their share in both domestic and field labour. One can infer the state of gender relations from these descriptions, with bride-price rather than dowry as the prominent institution. We are also able to see how caste customs also shaped women’s access to the labour market outside the home.

中文翻译：

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印度殖民农村地区的妇女，贫困与工作：Dufferin调查，1887-188年

有关达弗林调查（1887年至88年）的官员最初的报道幸免于现在的北方邦（Uttar Pradesh），这使我们能够详细描述当时印度农村的贫困程度。详细信息包括妇女的状况，包括她们在家庭和野外劳动中所占的比例。可以从这些描述中推断出性别关系的状态，而以彩礼而不是嫁妆为主要机构。我们还可以看到，种姓习俗如何影响了妇女进入家庭以外的劳动力市场的机会。