How do we account for norm (non-)compliance in complex situations of global governance? Instead of emphasising power and diverging interests, this research note develops an innovative framework by arguing for a need to account for the social foundation of norms and the processes of norm contestation among relevant stakeholders. It comprises three crucial elements: first, the relevant stakeholders that form around specific policies; second, the types of knowledge about the policy object at stake; and finally, the knowledge gaps across stakeholders and their strategies to overcome them. Based on these considerations, we advance a framework of three pillars of ‘vested interests’, ‘vice’ and ‘virtue’: given, first, the diversity of stakeholders in policy-making and their vested interests, we assume, secondly, an increased likelihood for norm contestation. For some this constitutes a vice. However, we argue, thirdly, that open deliberation has the potential to lead to positive implications for governance arrangements and is therefore a virtue for norm compliance. Applying this framework to the example of the use of outer space, we show how our approach can address what we call the ‘lasting reality’ of global governance, namely the regular confrontation of culturally embedded normativity that stems from the increased diversity of actors in the global realm.

中文翻译：

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不遵守问题：全球治理中的知识差距和争论时刻

在复杂的全球治理情况下，我们如何解释规范（不）遵守？本研究报告没有强调权力和不同的利益，而是通过论证需要考虑规范的社会基础和相关利益相关者之间的规范争论过程来开发一个创新框架。它包括三个关键要素：第一，围绕特定政策形成的相关利益相关者；第二，关于所涉政策对象的知识类型；最后，利益相关者之间的知识差距及其克服策略。基于这些考虑，我们提出了“既得利益”、“恶习”和“美德”三大支柱的框架：首先，考虑到利益相关者在决策中的多样性及其既得利益，我们假设，其次，规范争论的可能性增加。对于某些人来说，这构成了一种恶习。然而，我们认为，第三，公开审议有可能对治理安排产生积极影响，因此是规范遵守的一种美德。将此框架应用于外层空间使用的例子，我们展示了我们的方法如何解决我们所谓的全球治理的“持久现实”，即由于参与其中的行为者的多样性增加而导致的文化嵌入规范性的定期对抗。全球领域。