In recent decades, international events and incisive critical voices have catapulted the concepts of race and religion to the foreground of International Relations research. In particular, scholars have sought to recover the racialized and imperial beginnings of IR as an academic discipline in the early-20th century. This article contributes to this growing body of work by analyzing both race and religion as conceptual tools of scientific imperial administration—tools that in the 19th century classified and divided the global periphery along a continuum of civilizational and developmental difference. The article then applies this framework to the case of French, and more broadly, European, relations with populations in the Ottoman Empire, particularly within the Syrian Provinces. As described throughout this article and the case study, the Europeans used the language of race to contribute to religious hierarchies in the Syrian provinces in the mid- and late-19th century, having a lasting effect on discussions of religion in IR and international politics.

中文翻译：

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宗教种族化：19 世纪叙利亚各省的殖民身份建构

近几十年来，国际事件和尖锐的批评声音将种族和宗教的概念推到了国际关系研究的前沿。特别是，学者们试图恢复 20 世纪早期国际关系作为一门学科的种族化和帝国化的开端。本文通过将种族和宗教作为科学帝国管理的概念工具进行分析，为这一不断增长的工作做出了贡献——这些工具在 19 世纪沿着文明和发展差异的连续统一体对全球外围进行了分类和划分。然后，本文将这一框架应用于法国和更广泛的欧洲与奥斯曼帝国人口的关系，特别是在叙利亚各省内。正如本文和案例研究所述，