ObjectivesFacial masculinity, as for example measured by the facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) or the global facial masculinity index, has been associated with a vast range of behavioural traits, including dominance and aggression. Further, facial masculinity is thought to be influenced by testosterone (T) levels as an underlying mechanism. However, a recent meta-analysis on fWHR and T levels provided non-significant associations in men, which we wanted to examine further in men and additionally in women.MethodsWe examined whether fWHR and global facial masculinity are positively associated with salivary baseline T and T reactivity in 140 men (age 18–34 years), as well as with salivary baseline T and hair T concentrations in 151 women (age 18–35 years).ResultsNo associations of salivary baseline T, T reactivity or hair T levels with fWHR or global facial masculinity were observed. Additional analyses revealed sex differences in sexual dimorphism in fWHR and global facial masculinity: men had generally higher global facial masculinity compared to women, but unexpectedly a lower fWHR.ConclusionsOverall, our results provide further evidence that neither fWHR nor global facial masculinity are related to T levels and question earlier findings on male-biased sexual dimorphism in fWHR.

中文翻译：

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进一步的证据表明面部宽高比和整体面部男性气概与睾丸激素水平没有正相关

目的面部男性气质，例如通过面部宽高比（fWHR）或整体面部男性气质指数来衡量，已经与广泛的行为特征相关联，包括统治力和攻击性。此外，面部男性气质被认为是受睾丸激素（T）水平影响的潜在机制。然而，最近一项关于fWHR和T水平的荟萃分析提供了男性的非显着相关性，我们希望进一步在男性和女性中进行进一步的研究。方法我们研究了fWHR和整体面部男性气质与唾液基线T和T是否呈正相关140名男性（18-34岁）的反应性，以及151名女性（18-35岁）的唾液基线T和头发T浓度。观察到具有fWHR或整体面部男性气质的T反应性或头发T水平。进一步的分析揭示了fWHR和整体面部男性气质的性别差异中的性别差异：与女性相比，男性通常具有较高的整体面部男性气质，但出乎意料的是较低的fWHR。水平和质疑早期关于fWHR中男性偏向性二态性的发现。