Drawing on the research of Edwin Friedman (2007) in his book, A Failure of Nerve: Leadership in the Age of the Quick Fix, we explain the importance of developing differentiated leadership in groups and organizations of all sizes and types. According to Friedman, the leadership process is plagued by the fallacies of self, expertise, and empathy. These fallacies lead to an over reliance on data, low tolerance of ambiguity, anxiety, and a superficial comfort in togetherness, all of which upset the emotional balance in the leadership process. Using examples from rocket science, biology, and social psychology, we suggest that in order to combat these common dysfunctions, leadership development programs should be aimed at developing leaders who represent a nonanxious, self-regulating presence. The goal of the current paper is to expand leadership development concepts and ideas to include practices that make groups and organizations more psychologically safe and enriching for all stakeholders.

中文翻译：

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超越火箭科学：差异化领导力发展的案例

借鉴埃德温·弗里德曼（Edwin Friedman）（2007）在其著作《神经的失败：快速解决方案时代的领导力》中的研究，我们解释了在各种规模和类型的团体和组织中发展差异化领导力的重要性。弗里德曼认为，领导过程受到自我，专业知识和同理心等谬论的困扰。这些谬论导致对数据的过度依赖，对歧义，焦虑的低容忍以及对团结的肤浅安慰，所有这些都破坏了领导过程中的情绪平衡。我们以火箭科学，生物学和社会心理学为例，我们建议，为了应对这些常见的机能障碍，领导力发展计划应针对培养无忧虑，自我调节的存在的领导者。