This article discusses the fundamental architectures for optical-wireless-systems for biomedical-ap-plications. After summarizing the main applications and reporting their requirements, we describe the characteristics of the transdermal and in-body optical channels (OCs) as well as the challenges that they impose in the design of communication systems. Specifically, we provide three possible architectures for transdermal communications, namely electro-optical monitoring, opto-electrical, and all-optical (AO), for neural stimulation, which are currently under investigation, whereas for in-body communications, we provide a nano-scale AO concept. For each architecture, we discuss the main operation principles, the technology enablers, and research directions for their development. Finally, we highlight the necessity of designing an infor-mation-theoretic framework for the analysis and design of the physical and medium access control layers, which takes into account the channels' characteristics.

中文翻译：

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用于体内和经皮生物医学应用的光学无线通信

本文讨论了用于生物医学应用的光学无线系统的基本体系结构。在总结了主要应用并报告了它们的要求之后，我们描述了透皮和体内光通道（OCs）的特性以及它们在通信系统设计中带来的挑战。具体来说，我们提供了三种可能的用于透皮通信的架构，即用于神经刺激的电光监控，光电和全光（AO），目前正在研究中，而对于体内通信，我们提供了一种纳米结构。规模的AO概念。对于每种架构，我们讨论其主要操作原理，技术支持因素以及其开发的研究方向。最后，