Human Colonization of new lands implied historically the diffusion of new plant species and the exploitation of local plant resources and forests by human communities. Phoenician colonization in the 1st millennium BC had important consequences in Mediterranean agriculture and the exploitation of vegetation in colonized areas. Later, Roman agriculture introduced new changes. The anthracological analysis or charcoal analysis of the archaeological record of the site of Utica can inform us about the long term transformations in vegetation in North Africa. The original vegetation, consisting mainly of Pistacia lentiscus, would see its population reduced due to the implantation of non-intensive olive production in Phoenician and Punic periods. Nevertheless, since the Roman Imperial Period there was a strong decline of natural vegetation, in correlation of the important increment of olive trees, which indicate the presence of intensive oil production, mainly to be exported to Rome. Furthermore, the appearance of walnut trees presents novel data regarding the expansion of arboriculture throughout the Mediterranean in hand with the Phoenicians during the 1st millennium BC. The anthracological analysis of Utica presents important information regarding the natural vegetation that existed when the Phoenicians arrived, and the transformation that happened throughout time, corresponding to the management of the surrounding landscape during the Phoenician, Punic, and Roman periods.

历史上，人类对新土地的殖民化意味着新植物物种的扩散以及人类社区对当地植物资源和森林的开发。腓尼基人在公元前一千年的殖民化对地中海农业和殖民地区植被的开发产生了重要影响。后来，罗马农业引入了新的变化。对尤蒂卡遗址的考古记录进行的人类学分析或木炭分析可以使我们了解北非植被的长期转变。原始植被，主要由黄连木，由于在腓尼基和布匿时期植入了非集约化的橄榄生产，其人口将减少。然而，自罗马帝国时期以来，自然植被大量减少，与橄榄树的大量增加相关，这表明存在大量的石油生产，主要用于出口到罗马。此外，核桃树的出现提供了有关公元前1世纪与腓尼基人一起在整个地中海进行树木栽培的新数据。尤蒂卡族的人类学分析提供了有关腓尼基人抵达时存在的自然植被以及随时间推移发生的转变的重要信息，这与腓尼基人，普尼克斯时期的周围景观管理相对应