While the underlying determinants are unclear, hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) presents a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations with varying severity in different individuals. Recently, many studies identified the human microbiome as a critical factor in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Therefore, we here investigated the ecological dynamics of the oral microbiome changes during the HFMD infection. After targeted enrichment of all known vertebrate viruses, the virome profiles of symptomatic and asymptomatic HFMD patients were examined and revealed to be significantly altered from those of healthy individuals, with nine discriminative viruses detected. Further characterization of the prokaryotic microbiome revealed an elevated level of Streptococcus sp. as the most important signature of the symptomatic HFMD cohort, positively correlating to the level of enterovirus A RNA. In addition, we found that while coxsackievirus A5 is detected in saliva RNA of all asymptomatic cases, coxsackievirus A6 dominates the majority of the symptomatic cohort.

虽然潜在的决定因素尚不清楚，但手足口病 (HFMD) 在不同个体中表现出广泛的临床表现，其严重程度不同。最近，许多研究将人类微生物组确定为各种疾病发病机制中的关键因素。因此，我们在这里研究了手足口病感染期间口腔微生物组变化的生态动态。在对所有已知的脊椎动物病毒进行有针对性的富集后，对有症状和无症状的手足口病患者的病毒组谱进行了检查，发现与健康个体的病毒组谱有显着差异，检测到九种鉴别病毒。原核微生物组的进一步表征揭示了链球菌水平升高sp. 作为有症状的手足口病队列最重要的特征，与肠道病毒 A RNA 水平呈正相关。此外，我们发现虽然在所有无症状病例的唾液 RNA 中都检测到柯萨奇病毒 A5，但柯萨奇病毒 A6 在有症状的队列中占主导地位。