ABSTRACT

The paper discusses the development of Spanish Vocational Education and Training (VET) over the past four decades and the extent to which and ways in which joining the European Economic Communities in 1986 contributed to the transformation of Spain’s VET system. The paper is structured in five sections: the justification of our choice of Europeanisation as a theoretical approach, a presentation of the system prior to accession into the European Union (EU), a description of the European VET policy defined in the Bruges-Copenhagen process, and an examination of changes in the Spanish VET at the turn of the century. The relations between the European and Spanish VET policies are then discussed in view of Europeanisation theory, particularly considering their specification in terms of the National Qualification Framework approved in 2002 and the European Qualification Framework (EQF) established in 2008 to examine adaptation and accommodation. The paper finishes by discussing how top-down and bottom-up trends based on the theory of Europeanisation have resulted in the current Spanish VET system adhering to its own national identity while converging with European recommendations.

摘要

本文讨论了西班牙职业教育和培训 (VET) 在过去四年中的发展，以及 1986 年加入欧洲经济共同体对西班牙职业教育和培训体系转型的贡献程度和方式。该论文分为五个部分：我们选择欧洲化作为理论方法的理由，加入欧盟 (EU) 之前的体系介绍，对布鲁日-哥本哈根进程中定义的欧洲职业教育与培训政策的描述，以及对西班牙职业教育与培训在世纪之交的变化的考察。然后根据欧洲化理论讨论欧洲和西班牙职业教育与培训政策之间的关系，特别是考虑到他们在 2002 年批准的国家资格框架和 2008 年建立的欧洲资格框架 (EQF) 方面的规范，以检查适应和适应。本文最后讨论了基于欧洲化理论的自上而下和自下而上的趋势如何导致当前的西班牙职业教育与培训体系坚持自己的民族认同，同时与欧洲的建议趋同。