ABSTRACT

Conventional frameworks of immigrant integration in Western Europe are conceptualised within a nation-state framework of thinking. Transnational ties, relations, activities, and attachments of immigrants as well as transnational state and non-state actors have largely been neglected. This paper introduces/promotes a balanced theoretical approach to study immigrant integration in contemporary Western Europe, namely, integration as a three-way process and negotiation, which takes both national and transnational contexts into account together. To further elaborate on the three-way approach, the paper examines transnational Islam, as a form of transnationalism writ large, which has received enormous negative publicity with a particular emphasis on violent/jihadist networks, and is often conceived as an inhibiter of the Muslim integration. Applied in transnational Islam case, the three-way approach indicates that integration and transnationalism are not necessarily mutually exclusive; transnational Islam and Muslim organisations are diverse, thereby, must be studied as such, and some forms of the latter promote Muslim integration into Western European societies.

摘要

西欧移民融合的传统框架是在民族国家的思维框架内概念化的。移民以及跨国国家和非国家行为者的跨国联系、关系、活动和依恋在很大程度上被忽视了。本文介绍/推广了一种平衡的理论方法来研究当代西欧的移民融合，即融合作为三向过程和谈判，同时考虑了国家和跨国背景。为了进一步阐述三向方法，本文将跨国伊斯兰教作为一种明显的跨国主义形式进行了研究，它受到了巨大的负面宣传，特别强调暴力/圣战网络，并且通常被认为是穆斯林的抑制者一体化。应用于跨国伊斯兰案例，三向方法表明融合和跨国主义不一定相互排斥；跨国伊斯兰教和穆斯林组织是多种多样的，因此，必须对其进行研究，后者的某些形式促进了穆斯林融入西欧社会。