Abstract

Through a mixed-method design, the study investigated gender and context differences within the domains of agency, life satisfaction, affectivity, and symptoms of trauma. Two-hundred-fifty Palestinian children from cities, villages, and refugee camps (M = 11.58, SD = 1.49) completed four self-reported measures, Multilevel Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale, Children’s Hope Scale, Children’s Impact of Event Scale, and Positive and Negative Affect Scales. Based on drawings and walk-along interviews with 75 children (M = 10.27, SD = 1.38), thematic analysis was performed to detect gender and context-specific differences regarding all the variables, which assisted in the interpretation of quantitative findings. Findings showed higher girls’ satisfaction in the dimension of school (MD = 1.497, p< .05) and higher values of negative affect (MD = 1.192, p< .05). Correlation analysis revealed that older girls displayed lower levels of life satisfaction, positive emotions, arousal symptoms, and agency (p< .05). Children living in the West Bank reported higher levels of agency (MD = 1.898, p< .05) in comparison to those in Gaza. The comparison of urban, rural, and refugee camp participants yielded significant differences concerning children’s satisfaction with their lives (MSLSS: F (2, 245) = 10.69, p < .001) and positive emotions (F (2, 245) = 6.49, p = .002). Six themes emerged from the TA: girls’ feelings of insecurity and uncertainty; gender gaps in mobility and accessibility to public spaces; education as a mean for equal rights; perceived gender inequality; environmental unpredictability in the context of Gaza; unstable social and environmental conditions in the refugee camps. We explored participants’ strategies of resistance to endure adverse living conditions.

摘要

通过混合方法设计，该研究调查了代理、生活满意度、情感和创伤症状领域内的性别和背景差异。来自城市、村庄和难民营的 250 名巴勒斯坦儿童（M = 11.58，SD = 1.49）完成了四项自我报告的测量，即多级学生生活满意度量表、儿童希望量表、儿童事件影响量表和积极与负面影响量表。根据对 75 名儿童（M = 10.27，SD = 1.38）的绘图和步行访谈，进行主题分析以检测所有变量的性别和特定背景差异，这有助于解释定量结果。结果显示，女孩在学校维度的满意度更高（MD = 1.497，p<.05）和更高的负面情绪值（MD = 1.192，p < .05)。相关性分析显示，年龄较大的女孩表现出较低的生活满意度、积极情绪、唤醒症状和能动性 (p<.05)。与加沙的儿童相比，生活在西岸的儿童报告的能动性水平更高（MD = 1.898，p<.05）。城市、农村和难民营参与者的比较在儿童对生活的满意度 (MSLSS: F (2, 245) = 10.69, p < .001) 和积极情绪 (F (2, 245) = 6.49, p = .002)。TA 中出现了六个主题：女孩的不安全感和不确定感；流动性和公共空间可及性方面的性别差距；教育作为平等权利的手段；感知到的性别不平等；加沙背景下的环境不可预测性；难民营中不稳定的社会和环境条件。