Fingerprinting of functional connectomes is an increasingly standard measure of reproducibility in functional magnetic resonance imaging connectomics. In such studies, one attempts to match a subject's first session image with their second, in a blinded fashion, in a group of subjects measured twice. The number or percentage of correct matches is usually reported as a statistic, which is then used in permutation tests. Despite the simplicity and increasing popularity of such procedures, the soundness of the statistical tests, the power, and the factors impacting the test are unstudied. In this article, we investigate the statistical tests of matching based on exchangeability assumption in the fingerprinting analysis. We show that a nearly universal Poisson(1) approximation applies for different matching schemes. We theoretically investigate the permutation tests and explore the issue that the test is overly sensitive to uninteresting directions in the alternative hypothesis, such as clustering due to familial status or demographics. We perform a numerical study on two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) resting‐state datasets, the Human Connectome Project (HCP) and the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). These datasets are instructive, as the HCP includes technical replications of long scans and includes monozygotic and dizygotic twins, as well as non‐twin siblings. In contrast, the BLSA study incorporates more typical length resting‐state scans in a longitudinal study. Finally, a study of single regional connections is performed on the HCP data.

中文翻译：

---

关于功能连接套指纹图谱的统计测试

功能性连接体的指纹图谱是功能性磁共振成像连接体组学中再现性的越来越标准的度量。在这样的研​​究中，一个人尝试以盲目方式在两次测量的一组受试者中将受试者的第一个会话图像与第二个会话图像进行匹配。正确匹配的数量或百分比通常报告为统计信息，然后用于排列测试。尽管此类程序简单易行且日渐流行，但仍未研究统计测试的可靠性，功效和影响测试的因素。在本文中，我们研究了在指纹分析中基于可交换性假设的匹配统计测试。我们证明了几乎通用的Poisson（1）近似适用于不同的匹配方案。我们在理论上研究了置换检验，并探讨了该检验对替代假设（例如，由于家庭状况或人口统计学造成的聚类）中无趣的指示过于敏感的问题。我们对两个功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）静止状态数据集进行了数值研究，这些数据集分别是人类连接基因组计划（HCP）和巴尔的摩衰老纵向研究（BLSA）。这些数据集具有指导意义，因为HCP包括长期扫描的技术复制，并且包括单卵双卵和双卵双卵以及非双胞胎同胞。相比之下，BLSA研究在纵向研究中纳入了更典型的长度静止状态扫描。最后，对HCP数据进行了单个区域连接的研究。