This paper presents a self-scheduling model for home energy management systems (HEMS) in which a novel formulation of a linear discomfort index (DI) is proposed, incorporating the preferences of end-users in the daily operation of home appliances. The HEMS self-scheduling problem is modelled as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) multi-objective problem, aimed at minimizing the energy bill and DI. In this framework, the proposed DI determines the optimal time slots for the operation of home appliances while minimizing end-users’ bills. The resulting multi-objective optimization problem has then been solved by using the epsilon-constraint technique and the VIKOR decision maker has been employed to select the most desired Pareto solution. The proposed model is tested considering tariffs in the presence of various price-based demand response programs (DRP), namely time-of-use (TOU) and real-time pricing (RTP). In addition, different scenarios considering the presence of electrical energy storage (EES) are investigated to study their impact on the optimal operation of HEMS. The simulation results show that the self-scheduling approach proposed in this paper yields significant reductions in the electricity bills for different electricity tariffs.

本文提出了一种家庭能源管理系统（HEMS）的自调度模型，其中提出了线性不适指数（DI）的新公式，并结合了最终用户在家用电器日常运行中的偏好。HEMS自调度问题被建模为混合整数线性规划（MILP）多目标问题，旨在最小化能耗和DI。在此框架中，建议的DI确定了家用电器操作的最佳时隙，同时将最终用户的账单减至最少。然后，通过使用epsilon约束技术解决了由此产生的多目标优化问题，并且已使用VIKOR决策者选择最需要的Pareto解。在存在各种基于价格的需求响应程序（DRP）（即使用时间（TOU）和实时定价（RTP））的情况下，考虑了费率对提出的模型进行了测试。此外，研究了考虑到电能存储（EES）存在的不同场景，以研究它们对HEMS最佳运行的影响。仿真结果表明，本文提出的自调度方法可以显着降低不同电价的电费。