Disinfectants are widely acknowledged for removing microorganisms from the surface of the objects and transmission media. However, the emergence of disinfectant resistance has become a severe threat to the safety of life and health and the rational allocation of resources due to the reduced disinfectant effectiveness. The horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of disinfectant resistance genes has also expanded the resistant flora, making the situation worse. This review focused on the resistance mechanisms of disinfectant resistant bacteria on biofilms, cell membrane permeability, efflux pumps, degradable enzymes, and disinfectant targets. Efflux can be the fastest and most effective resistance mechanism for bacteria to respond to stress. The qac genes, located on some plasmids which can transmit resistance through conjugative transfer, are the most commonly reported in the study of disinfectant resistance genes. Whether the qac genes can be transferred through transformation or transduction is still unclear. Studying the factors affecting the resistance of bacteria to disinfectants can find breakthrough methods to more adequately deal with the problem of reduced disinfectant effectiveness. It has been confirmed that the interaction of probiotics and bacteria or the addition of 4-oxazolidinone can inhibit the formation of biofilms. Chemicals such as eugenol and indole derivatives can increase bacterial sensitivity by reducing the expression of efflux pumps. The role of these findings in anti-disinfectant resistance has proved invaluable.

消毒剂可从物体和传输介质的表面去除微生物，这是公认的。但是，由于降低了消毒剂的效力，出现了对消毒剂的抵抗性已经严重威胁到生命和健康的安全以及资源的合理分配。消毒剂抗性基因的水平基因转移（HGT）也扩大了抗性菌群，使情况变得更糟。这项审查集中在生物膜，细胞膜通透性，外排泵，可降解的酶和消毒目标的抗消毒细菌的耐药机制。外排可能是细菌对压力作出反应的最快，最有效的抵抗机制。该QAC位于一些可以通过共轭转移传递抗性的质粒上的基因是消毒抗性基因研究中最常报道的基因。qac基因是否可以通过转化或转导进行转移仍不清楚。研究影响细菌对消毒剂抗性的因素可以找到突破性方法，以更充分地解决消毒剂有效性降低的问题。已经证实益生菌和细菌的相互作用或添加4-恶唑烷酮可以抑制生物膜的形成。丁子香酚和吲哚衍生物等化学物质可通过减少外排泵的表达来增加细菌敏感性。这些发现在抗消毒剂耐药性中的作用已被证明是无价的。