Abstract—

The long-term dynamics of the composition, total abundance, and diversity (α- and γ-diversity) of small mammal (SM) communities is analyzed in the vicinity of a large copper smelter during the periods of high (1990–1997), reduced (1998–2009), and almost terminated emissions (2010–2019). It is shown that the response of SM communities to pollution has not fundamentally changed over 30 observation years. An increase in pollution caused a significant reduction in the total abundance and α-diversity of communities and their dominance index in each of the three periods; at the same time, the γ-diversity remained similar in the background (13 species) and polluted zones (12 species). The reduction of emissions had no significant influence on the SM communities in the background (conditionally clean) zone: the species structure fluctuated insignificantly, the dominance structure did not change, and the increase in the animal abundance by the end of observations (owing to forest voles but not insectivores) was due to successional changes in the vegetation. The reduction of emissions led to a succession of dominants near the smelter and the trends of changes in abundance in this area differed from those observed in the buffer and impact zones (increase and no change, respectively). The increase in the abundance of species of different trophic groups (phytophages, granivores, and zoophages) in the moderately polluted (buffer) zone can be considered a symptom of the initial stages of recovery due to the improvement of habitat quality. Positive shifts in the SM community from the highly polluted (impact) zone are less distinct, being expressed only as an increase in the proportion of shrews.

中文翻译：

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减少铜冶炼厂排放期间小型哺乳动物群落的长期动态：1.组成，丰度和多样性

摘要-

分析了大型铜冶炼厂在高产期（1990-1997年）附近的小型哺乳动物（SM）群落的组成，总丰度和多样性（α和γ多样性）的长期动态，减少的排放量（1998-2009年）和几乎终止的排放量（2010-2019年）。结果表明，在过去的30年中，SM社区对污染的反应没有根本改变。在三个时期的每个时期，污染的增加导致社区的总丰富度和α多样性及其优势指数显着降低；同时，γ多样性在背景（13种）和污染区（12种）中保持相似。排放量的减少对背景（有条件清洁）区域的SM社区没有显着影响：物种结构的波动很小，优势结构没有改变，到观测结束时动物丰度的增加（由于森林田鼠而不是食虫动物）是由于植被的连续变化所致。排放量的减少导致冶炼厂附近出现了一系列优势矿区，该区域的丰度变化趋势与缓冲区和影响区的变化趋势不同（分别为增加和不变）。由于栖息地质量的改善，在中度污染（缓冲区）区域中的不同营养类物种（噬菌体，食肉动物和动物噬菌体）的物种丰富度增加可被视为恢复初期的症状。SM社区从高污染（影响）区的正向转移不太明显，仅表示为sh比例的增加。