The low percentage of soil organic matter, especially in sandy soils in most arid and semiarid regions of the world including Iran, and the increase in the indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and the resulting environmental damages make it inevitable to use organic fertilizers and soil amendments for increasing the water and fertilizer efficiency in sustainable agriculture. This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical changes of soil under the organic and mineral treatments of nitrogen and zeolite and alleviation of water stress in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum). The experimental treatments included five irrigation regimes (without stress, mild water deficit stress, and severe water deficit stress (irrigation after depletion of 20%, 40%, and 60% of available soil water (ASW), respectively), in vegetative and reproductive stages) as the main plot and the factorial combination of three fertilizer treatments (control, vermicompost, and urea) and two zeolite contents (0 and 9 t ha⁻¹) as the subplot. Mild and severe water deficit stress caused at least 34 and 40% reduction in biological yield and 5% and 13% reduction in height in the first and second years, respectively. Applying vermicompost increased the soil organic carbon (OC), and the highest amount of soil nitrogen (N) was observed in the plots treated with zeolite and vermicompost. The available soil phosphorus (P) increased by applying zeolite. The zeolite treatment was more effective than vermicompost in increasing the soil cation exchange capacity (CEC). The treatments with zeolite or vermicompost were able to alleviate water deficit stress. Vermicompost and zeolite improved the biological yield of fenugreek by improving the physicochemical conditions of the soil, especially in the water deficit stress conditions, and reduced the usage of chemical fertilizers in line with the goals of sustainable agriculture.

土壤有机质的百分比较低，尤其是在包括伊朗在内的世界大多数干旱和半干旱地区的沙质土壤中，化学肥料的滥用使用增加以及由此造成的环境破坏，使得不可避免地使用有机肥料和土壤改良剂提高可持续农业的水肥效率。这项研究旨在研究在氮和沸石的有机和矿物处理下土壤的理化变化以及葫芦巴（Trigonella foenum-graecum）的水分胁迫缓解。）。实验处理包括植物性和繁殖性五种灌溉方式（无压力，轻度缺水压力和严重缺水压力（枯竭后分别灌溉20％，40％和60％的可用土壤水（ASW））阶段）作为主要情节和三种肥料处理（对照，ver粉和尿素）和两种沸石含量（0和9 t ha ^-1的因子分解结合））作为子图。在第一年和第二年，轻度和严重的水分亏缺胁迫分别导致生物产量至少降低34％和40％，高度降低至少5％和13％。施用ver粉会增加土壤有机碳（OC），在用沸石和ver粉处理的地块中观察到最高的土壤氮（N）含量。施用沸石增加了土壤有效磷（P）。在增加土壤阳离子交换能力（CEC）方面，沸石处理比ver石更有效。沸石或ver粉的处理能够减轻水分亏缺压力。mi石和沸石通过改善土壤的物理化学条件，特别是在水分亏缺胁迫条件下，提高了胡芦巴的生物产量，