Stable routing and energy conservation over a wireless sensor network (WSN) is a major issue in Internet of Things applications. The network lifetime can be increased when studying this issue with interest. Data transmission is a dominant factor in IoT networks for communication overhead and energy consumption. A proposed efficient node stable routing (\(ENSR\)) protocol is introduced to guarantee the stability of transmission data between the source and destination nodes, in a dynamic WSN conditions. \(ENSR\) minimizes energy consumption and selects more stable nodes for packets forwarding. Stability becomes the most important factor that qualifies the node's centrality. A node’s stability is characterized by residual energy, link quality, and number of hops needed to reach the destination from the node. To calculate node's stability, an enhanced centrality concept, known as stable betweenness centrality (\(SBC\)) is introduced. In \(ENSR\), at first, some nodes will be selected as the stable forwarding nodes, usually with maximum \(SBC\) between their neighbors within a limited communication radio range of a particular region. Furthermore, each stable forwarding node then broadcasts its identity, including \(SBC\), to the source node separately. The source node can compute a stable path to forward packets to the corresponding stable forwarding node, based on a proper designed stable path routing metric (\(SPRM\)). Then, the stable forwarding node will behave as a new source node and start another stable path routing process until the packets are forwarded and reached to the destination node. In addition, the change of stable nodes over time balances and conserves node energy consumption, thereby mitigating “hot spots”. The proposed routing protocol is validated through simulation. The numerical results show that the proposed protocol outperforms the existing algorithms, global and local reliability-based routing (\(GLRR\)) and reliable energy-aware routing protocol \((RER)\), in terms of network efficiency and reliability.

无线传感器网络（WSN）上的稳定路由和节能是物联网应用程序中的一个主要问题。有兴趣地研究此问题时，可以延长网络寿命。数据传输是物联网网络中通信开销和能耗的主要因素。提出了一种有效的节点稳定路由协议（\（ENSR \）），以保证在动态WSN条件下源节点和目标节点之间传输数据的稳定性。\（ENSR \）最大限度地减少能耗，并选择更稳定的节点进行数据包转发。稳定性成为限定节点中心性的最重要因素。节点的稳定性以剩余能量，链路质量和从节点到达目的地所需的跳数为特征。为了计算节点的稳定性，引入了增强的中心性概念，称为稳定中间性中心性（\（SBC \））。首先，在\（ENSR \）中，将选择某些节点作为稳定的转发节点，通常在特定区域的有限通信无线电范围内，其邻居之间的最大\（SBC \）为最大。此外，每个稳定的转发节点然后广播其身份，包括\（SBC \），分别到源节点。源节点可以基于适当设计的稳定路径路由度量（\（SPRM \））计算将数据包转发到相应稳定转发节点的稳定路径。然后，稳定转发节点将充当新的源节点，并开始另一个稳定路径路由过程，直到将数据包转发并到达目标节点为止。此外，稳定节点随时间的变化可以平衡并节省节点能耗，从而减轻“热点”。通过仿真验证了所提出的路由协议。数值结果表明，所提出的协议优于现有算法，全局和局部基于可靠性的路由（\（GLRR \））和可靠的能量感知路由协议\（（RER）\）在网络效率和可靠性方面。