AbstractThis paper empirically examines the relationship between the self-identity as Indigenous and earnings inequality in the Mexican labor market. Using Mexican Census data and a large set of wage covariates reveals the existence of an earnings penalty for self-identification as Indigenous. There is an additional and larger penalty for Indigenous persons who are fluent in an Indigenous language, regardless of Spanish language fluency. Further analyses using the Mexican Family Life Survey reveal that these earnings gaps persist after we also control for an individual’s cognitive ability. Ethno-linguistic inequality is particularly strong in smaller cities and among self-employed workers. JEL Classification: J10, J15, J31, J71, O15

中文翻译：

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墨西哥的文化适应与劳动力市场

摘要本文对墨西哥劳动力市场的土著身份认同与收入不平等之间的关系进行了实证研究。使用墨西哥人口普查数据和大量工资协变量，我们发现自我认同为土著人会受到收入惩罚。无论西班牙语是否流利，都对流利使用土著语言的土著人会有额外的罚款。使用《墨西哥家庭生活调查》进行的进一步分析表明，在我们还控制了个人的认知能力之后，这些收入差距仍然存在。在较小的城市和个体经营者中，种族语言不平等现象尤其严重。JEL分类：J10，J15，J31，J71，O15