Results of three cross-sectional studies indicate that sexism in Poland is associated with collective narcissism—a belief that one’s own group’s (the in-group’s) exaggerated exceptionality is not sufficiently recognized by others—with reference to three social identities: male, religious, and national. In Study 1 (n = 329), male collective narcissism was associated with sexism. This relationship was sequentially mediated by precarious manhood and traditional gender beliefs. In Study 2 (n = 877), Catholic collective narcissism predicted tolerance of violence against women (among men and women) over and above religious fundamentalism and in contrast to intrinsic religiosity. In Study 3 (n = 1070), national collective narcissism was associated with hostile sexism among men and women and with benevolent sexism more strongly among women than among men. In contrast, national in-group satisfaction—a belief that the nation is of a high value—predicted rejection of benevolent and hostile sexism among women but was positively associated with hostile and benevolent sexism among men. Among men and women collective narcissism was associated with tolerance of domestic violence against women, whereas national in-group satisfaction was associated with rejection of violence against women.

中文翻译：

---

男性、民族和宗教集体自恋预测性别歧视

三项横断面研究的结果表明，波兰的性别歧视与集体自恋有关——一种认为自己群体（群体内）夸大的特殊性没有被其他人充分认可的信念——涉及三种社会身份：男性、宗教、和国家。在研究 1 (n = 329) 中，男性集体自恋与性别歧视有关。这种关系是由不稳定的男子气概和传统的性别信仰依次介导的。在研究 2 (n = 877) 中，天主教集体自恋预测了对女性（男性和女性之间）的暴力行为的容忍度，超越了宗教原教旨主义，与内在的宗教信仰相反。在研究 3 (n = 1070) 中，民族集体自恋与男性和女性之间的敌意性别歧视以及女性之间的仁慈性别歧视比男性更强烈。相比之下，国家内部群体满意度——一种认为国家具有高价值的信念——预测了女性对仁慈和敌对性别歧视的拒绝，但与男性的敌对和仁慈性别歧视呈正相关。在男性和女性中，集体自恋与对针对女性的家庭暴力的容忍度有关，而国家内部群体满意度与对针对女性的暴力行为的拒绝有关。