We present a typology of states that distinguishes constellations of state fragility based on empirical patterns. State fragility is here defined as deficiencies in one or more of three core functions of the state. These functions include violence control, implementation capacity, and empirical legitimacy. Violence control refers to the state’s ability to manage the uses of violence within society. Implementation capacity refers to the state’s ability to provide basic public services. Empirical legitimacy refers to the population’s consent to the state’s claim to rule. Employing three to four indicators per dimension for 171 countries over the period 2005–2015 and finite mixture model clustering, we find six dominant constellations that represent different types of state dysfunctionality.

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脆弱的星座：国家的经验类型学

我们提出了一种基于经验模式区分状态脆弱性星座的状态类型学。国家脆弱性在此被定义为国家三个核心职能中的一项或多项的缺陷。这些功能包括暴力控制、实施能力和经验合法性。暴力控制是指国家管理社会中暴力使用的能力。实施能力是指国家提供基本公共服务的能力。实证合法性是指民众对国家统治要求的同意。在 2005 年至 2015 年期间对 171 个国家/地区的每个维度采用三到四个指标和有限混合模型聚类，我们发现了六个代表不同类型国家功能失调的主要星座。