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Declining Dominance of an Ethnic Group in a Large Multi-ethnic Developing Country: The Case of the Javanese in Indonesia
Population Review ( IF 0.4 ) Pub Date : 2016-01-01 , DOI: 10.1353/prv.2016.0000
Aris Ananta , Dwi Retno Wilujeng Wahyu Utami , Ari Purbowati

Indonesia is undergoing a third demographic transition that features changes in ethnic composition. We examine quantitatively the extent and change of dominance of the Javanese, who have experienced below replacement fertility. As used herein, an ethnic group is said to be dominant if it is the largest ethnic group and its percentage is at least twice the percentage of the second largest ethnic group. The Javanese are the largest, most ubiquitous and politically important ethnic group in Indonesia. This quantitative analysis addresses the ethnic dominance and cultural hegemony literature. We question the ubiquity of the Javanese – who represent the process of Javanization – because Indonesia’s Javanese character/culture may be eroding. We find that among the Javanese living outside their three home provinces, the percentage of those who speak Javanese daily at home is very low. These Javanese may have adapted to local conditions. We also find that the Javanese are not always the dominant or even the largest ethnic group. In most of the districts, they comprise a very small minority ethnic group. An important finding is that the “third demographic transition” has been and continues to be occurring in Indonesia, a large developing country. Our findings expand the original concept of what constitutes a third demographic transition, which has been applied previously only to developed countries. We conclude that the Javanese are still dominant, but their dominance has declined, and that a third demographic transition is taking place in Indonesia.

中文翻译:

一个民族在一个多民族发展中大国的统治地位下降:印度尼西亚爪哇人的案例

印度尼西亚正在经历第三次人口转变,其特点是种族构成发生了变化。我们定量地研究了爪哇人的支配地位的程度和变化,他们经历了低于更替生育率。如本文所用,如果一个族群是最大的族群并且其百分比至少是第二大族群的百分比的两倍,则该族群被称为占优势的。爪哇人是印度尼西亚最大、最普遍和政治上最重要的族群。这种定量分析解决了种族优势和文化霸权的文献。我们质疑爪哇人的普遍性——他们代表了爪哇化的进程——因为印度尼西亚的爪哇人性格/文化可能正在被侵蚀。我们发现,在居住在三个家乡之外的爪哇人中,每天在家说爪哇语的人比例很低。这些爪哇人可能已经适应了当地条件。我们还发现爪哇人并不总是占主导地位甚至最大的族群。在大多数地区,他们由一个非常小的少数民族组成。一个重要的发现是,“第三次人口转变”已经并将继续发生在印度尼西亚这个发展中大国。我们的研究结果扩展了构成第三次人口转变的原始概念,该概念以前仅适用于发达国家。我们得出结论,爪哇人仍然占主导地位,但他们的主导地位已经下降,印度尼西亚正在发生第三次人口转变。我们还发现爪哇人并不总是占主导地位甚至最大的族群。在大多数地区,他们由一个非常小的少数民族组成。一个重要的发现是,“第三次人口转变”已经并将继续发生在印度尼西亚这个发展中大国。我们的研究结果扩展了构成第三次人口转变的原始概念,该概念以前仅适用于发达国家。我们得出结论,爪哇人仍然占主导地位,但他们的主导地位已经下降,印度尼西亚正在发生第三次人口转变。我们还发现爪哇人并不总是占主导地位甚至最大的族群。在大多数地区,他们由一个非常小的少数民族组成。一个重要的发现是,“第三次人口转变”已经并将继续发生在印度尼西亚这个发展中大国。我们的研究结果扩展了构成第三次人口转变的原始概念,该概念以前仅适用于发达国家。我们得出结论,爪哇人仍然占主导地位,但他们的主导地位已经下降,印度尼西亚正在发生第三次人口转变。一个重要的发现是,“第三次人口转变”已经并将继续发生在印度尼西亚这个发展中大国。我们的研究结果扩展了构成第三次人口转变的原始概念,该概念以前仅适用于发达国家。我们得出结论,爪哇人仍然占主导地位,但他们的主导地位已经下降,印度尼西亚正在发生第三次人口转变。一个重要的发现是,“第三次人口转变”已经并将继续发生在印度尼西亚这个发展中大国。我们的研究结果扩展了构成第三次人口转变的原始概念,该概念以前仅适用于发达国家。我们得出结论,爪哇人仍然占主导地位,但他们的主导地位已经下降,印度尼西亚正在发生第三次人口转变。
更新日期:2016-01-01
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