The objective of this study is to review applications of multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods to provide structure for and practical insights on how MCDA methods are applied in different healthcare areas. Four databases (Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and PubMed) were searched from 1980 to February 7, 2018. A scoping review was performed to outline the most frequently applied MCDA methods, in which only case studies were considered, as the objective was to assess the applications of MCDA methods. Seventy case studies were selected. The review showed that the first real‐life application was published in 1990. With regard to areas of application, three aspects were analysed: type of health services (public or private), type of intervention (preventive, diagnostic, or treatment), and healthcare area (policymaking; resource allocation; health technology assessment; pharmaceutics; and hospital, clinical, or patient level). Data revealed that MCDA was principally used in public health services (n = 59). Three types of interventions were identified: prevention (n = 36), diagnosis (n = 32), and treatment (n = 2). An MCDA process of application was then followed to provide practical insights. During the problem‐structuring phase, results showed that processes for selecting stakeholders and criteria differed among healthcare areas. For model building, authors preferred value measurement methods and especially the analytical hierarchy process. Authors of the 70 case studies included and confirmed the usefulness of MCDA in different healthcare contexts. The stakeholders, criteria, and MCDA methods chosen differ from one study to another, answering different research objectives in different healthcare areas. This scoping review highlights the importance of each MCDA step (using Belton and Stewart's framework), from problem structuring (including the selection of stakeholders) to the model building phase (encompassing the selection of the appropriate MCDA method). We recommend structured and justified analysis so that decision makers and stakeholders can feel confident during the application process in order to make final decisions more meaningful. Further work is needed to help researchers and decision makers when choosing a suitable MCDA method.

中文翻译：

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使用多准则决策分析的医疗保健决策应用程序：范围界定审查

这项研究的目的是审查多标准决策分析（MCDA）方法的应用，以便为如何在不同的医疗领域应用MCDA方法提供结构和实践见解。从1980年到2018年2月7日，检索了四个数据库（Embase，Medline，Web of Science和PubMed）。进行了范围界定审查，概述了最常用的MCDA方法，其中仅考虑案例研究，因为评估MCDA方法的应用。选择了70个案例研究。审查显示，第一项现实生活中的应用程序于1990年发布。在应用程序领域，分析了三个方面：卫生服务的类型（公共或私人），干预类型（预防，诊断或治疗）和医疗保健领域（政策制定；资源分配；卫生技术评估；药剂学 以及医院，临床或患者级别）。数据显示，MCDA主要用于公共卫生服务（n = 59）。确定了三种类型的干预措施：预防（n = 36），诊断（n = 32）和治疗（n = 2）。然后遵循MCDA的申请流程，以提供实际见解。在问题构造阶段，结果表明，在医疗领域之间选择利益相关者和标准的过程有所不同。对于模型构建，作者偏爱价值测量方法，尤其是层次分析法。70个案例研究的作者纳入并证实了MCDA在不同医疗环境中的有用性。选择的涉众，准则和MCDA方法因一项研究而异，回答不同医疗领域的不同研究目标。此范围回顾强调了从问题结构（包括选择利益相关者）到模型构建阶段（包括选择适当的MCDA方法）的每个MCDA步骤（使用Belton和Stewart框架）的重要性。我们建议进行结构合理的分析，以使决策者和利益相关者在申请过程中充满信心，以便使最终决策更有意义。选择合适的MCDA方法时，需要进一步的工作来帮助研究人员和决策者。从问题结构（包括选择利益相关者）到模型构建阶段（包括选择适当的MCDA方法）。我们建议进行结构合理的分析，以便决策者和利益相关者在申请过程中充满信心，以便使最终决策更有意义。选择合适的MCDA方法时，需要进一步的工作来帮助研究人员和决策者。从问题结构（包括选择利益相关者）到模型构建阶段（包括选择适当的MCDA方法）。我们建议进行结构合理的分析，以使决策者和利益相关者在申请过程中充满信心，以便使最终决策更有意义。选择合适的MCDA方法时，需要进一步的工作来帮助研究人员和决策者。