By the turn of the twentieth century, Tamil Śaivism had largely come to be identified with the theological tradition known as Śaiva Siddhānta. Nevertheless, one of the most popular texts among Tamil-speaking Śaiva intellectuals during the colonial period was in fact a work on Advaita Vedānta entitled Kaivalliyanavanītam (The Fresh Butter of Liberation). This article explores how the Kaivalliyanavanītam was read by its non-Brāhmaṇa audience, focusing on a late nineteenth-century commentary by the Śaiva intellectual Īcūr Caccitāṉanta Cuvāmikaḷ (1815–86). It examines the rhetoric, terminology, and hermeneutics utilized by Caccitāṉanta to critique the dualism of Śaiva Siddhānta and reinscribe Tamil Śaiva theology as a monism. The article concludes by reflecting on the relationship between Cacci-tāṉanta’s work and Advaita Vedānta in the context of colonial South India.

中文翻译：

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争论新鲜黄油的味道：Īcūr Caccitāṉanta Cuvāmikaḷ 对泰米尔 Śaiva 神学的Advaitic 解释

到 20 世纪之交，泰米尔语 Śaivism 已在很大程度上与被称为 Śaiva Siddhānta 的神学传统认同。尽管如此，在殖民时期讲泰米尔语的 Śaiva 知识分子中最受欢迎的文本之一实际上是一部关于 Advaita Vedānta 的作品，名为 Kaivalliyanavanītam（解放的新鲜黄油）。本文探讨了 Kaivalliyanavanītam 是如何被非婆罗门的听众阅读的，重点是 Śaiva 知识分子 Īcūr Caccitāṉanta Cuvāmikaḷ（1815-86 年）的 19 世纪晚期评论。它考察了 Caccitāṉanta 用来批判 Śaiva Siddhānta 的二元论并将泰米尔 Śaiva 神学重新表述为一元论的修辞学、术语和诠释学。