The scope and audacity of Bhaṭṭoji Dīkṣita’s (16th c.) contributions to Sanskrit grammar has made him one of early-modern India’s most influential, if not controversial, intellectuals. Yet for as consequential as Bhaṭṭoji’s has been for histories of early-modern scholasticism, his extensive corpus of non-grammatical writings has attracted relatively little scholarly attention. This paper examines Bhaṭṭoji’s work on Vedānta, the Tattvakaustubha, in order to gage how issues of language became an increasingly important site of inter-religious critique among early-modern Vedāntins. In the Tattvakaustubha, Bhaṭṭoji reproaches Madhvācārya (14th c.), the founder of the eponymous Mādhva or Dvaita Vedānta system, for his use of ungrammatical words (apaśabdas). In extending his accusations of grammatical negligence to include Madhva’s early commentator Jayatīrtha (15th c.), Bhaṭṭoji sought to undermine Mādhva claims to authoritative scriptural exegesis. Bhaṭṭoji’s provocation impelled later Mādhva scholars like Rāghavendratīrtha (17th c.) to bring a sharper set of grammatical tools to core commentarial works. Where others have pointed to Vyāsatīrtha (16th c.) as a turning point for Mādhva scholastic discourse in the areas of Pūrva Mīmāṃsā and Navya Nyāya, this paper suggests that it was the post-Bhaṭṭoji scholar Rāghavendratīrtha who brought a hitherto unrivaled grammatical expertise to Mādhva writings. That both Mādhva and Advaita Vedāntins wielded grammatical legitimacy as a cudgel against the other raises important socio-historical questions about the relationship between text-criticism, conceptions of scholastic legitimacy, and inter-religious contestation in early-modern South Asia.

中文翻译：

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合法性和衰落的语言：Bhaṭṭoji Dīkṣita 的 Tattvakaustubha 中的语法和吠檀多的恢复

Bhaṭṭoji Dīkṣita（16 世纪）对梵文语法的贡献的范围和大胆使他成为早期现代印度最有影响力的知识分子之一，如果不是有争议的话。然而，尽管 Bhaṭṭoji 对早期现代经院哲学的历史意义重大，但他广泛的非语法著作语料库吸引了相对较少的学术关注。本文考察了 Bhaṭṭoji 关于吠檀多 (Tattvakaustubha) 的著作，以了解语言问题如何成为早期现代吠檀多宗教间批评的日益重要的场所。在 Tattvakaustubha 中，Bhaṭṭoji 责备 Madhvācārya（14 世纪），即同名的 Mādhva 或 Dvaita Vedānta 系统的创始人，因为他使用了不合语法的词（apaśabdas）。Bhaṭṭoji 将他对语法疏忽的指控扩大到包括 Madhva 的早期评论家 Jayatīrtha（公元 15 世纪），试图削弱 Mādhva 对权威性圣经解释的主张。Bhaṭṭoji 的挑衅促使后来的 Mādhva 学者，如 Rāghavendratīrtha（17 世纪），为核心评论作品带来了一套更清晰的语法工具。其他人指出 Vyāsatīrtha（16 世纪）是 Pūrva Mīmāṃsā 和 Navya Nyāya 领域的 Mādhva 经院话语的转折点，这篇论文表明是后 Bhaṭṭoji 学者 Rāghavendratīrtha 给 Mādhva著作。Mādhva 和 Advaita Vedāntins 都使用语法合法性作为反对对方的棍棒，这引发了关于文本批评之间关系的重要社会历史问题，