India was pushed to call itself a nation to achieve independence from British. Although many still try to identify possible nationalities inside India, it is forgotten that nation is a very recent phenomenon with its root in Biblical traditions. Through the diverse voices that conceptualized a free India during colonial times, it becomes clear that Indians did not try to make a nation and sometimes actively abhorred the European conception of race as nations. They rather saw and described India using markers from the civilization itself.

中文翻译：

---

印度与民族国家模式

印度被迫称自己为一个脱离英国独立的国家。尽管许多人仍在尝试确定印度内部可能的民族，但人们忘记了民族是其根源于圣经传统的最近现象。通过在殖民时期将自由的印度概念化的各种声音，很明显印度人没有试图建立一个国家，有时甚至积极地憎恶欧洲种族作为国家的观念。他们宁愿使用文明本身的标记来观察和描述印度。