Globally, strong innovation, institutional and policy reforms have spurred myriads of issues transcending boundaries of various disciplines-natural science, social science, economics—causing paradigmatic shift. Globalisation has led to the emergence of a plethora of channels via which the effects are transmitted across the participants—developed and less developed nations (LDCs). There are multiple facets of development such as institution, globalisation and regional integration, clean technology, climate change and environmental sustainability (sustainable development). However, as Rodrik (2018, p. x) argues: ‘It has long been an unspoken rule of public engagement for economists that they should champion trade and not dwell too much on the fine print’. In fact, reaping the gains from comparative advantage is not unfettered or ‘straight’. Various factors need to be considered for ‘balanced adjustments’. One of the important concerns in this technology-driven, high-growth world is about environmental sustainability. Stern (2007) is a sharp pointer in this direction, warning against the adverse growth and development effect of emissions and pollution-intensive activities. Despite energyefficiency escalation, it is projected that world fossil fuel consumption could double by 2020 and CO2 emission would rise proportionately. Pertinent issues are attaining energy-efficiency as well as promoting green and clean technology. Riskier anthropogenic alteration of climate patterns would put mankind in danger. Many researchers have discussed about the importance of addressing the climate change mitigation policies and failure of the Kyoto Protocol so as to ‘design a more durable international agreement’ or coordinated action. It all depends not only on economics but also on national legal, accounting and socio-institutional structure in conjunction with international cooperation with much significant role being ascribed to economic theory as ‘good guidance’ on designing ‘politically realistic policy’ based on a hybrid approach of multi-disciplinary nature (McKibbin & Wilcoxen, 2002). However, economic growth and trade affect the environment with diverse effects on countries at different stages of development via decline in output, investment and increasing political instability. These issues are critical, and this consideration is the starting point behind this special issue. The last special issue that was published in February (Volume 55, Number 1) was on ‘Special Themes on Trade War and Global Restructuring and Editorial

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贸易、环境和调整：当代主题

在全球范围内，强大的创新、制度和政策改革引发了无数超越自然科学、社会科学、经济学等学科界限的问题，从而导致范式转变。全球化导致出现了大量渠道，通过这些渠道，影响在参与者之间传播——发达国家和欠发达国家 (LDC)。发展涉及多个方面，例如制度、全球化和区域一体化、清洁技术、气候变化和环境可持续性（可持续发展）。然而，正如 Rodrik (2018, p. x) 所说：“长期以来，经济学家一直是公众参与的一个不言而喻的规则，他们应该支持贸易，而不是过多地关注细则”。事实上，从比较优势中获得收益并非不受约束或“直接”。“平衡调整”需要考虑各种因素。在这个技术驱动、高速增长的世界中，重要的问题之一是环境可持续性。Stern (2007) 是这个方向的尖锐指针，警告排放和污染密集型活动对增长和发展的不利影响。尽管能源效率不断提高，但预计到 2020 年世界化石燃料消耗量可能会翻一番，二氧化碳排放量将成比例增加。相关问题是实现能源效率以及推广绿色和清洁技术。气候模式的风险更大的人为改变将使人类处于危险之中。许多研究人员讨论了解决气候变化减缓政策和京都议定书失败的重要性，以便“设计一个更持久的国际协议”或协调行动。这一切都不仅取决于经济学，还取决于国家法律、会计和社会制度结构以及国际合作，经济理论作为基于混合方法设计“政治现实政策”的“良好指导”具有重要作用。多学科性质的 (McKibbin & Wilcoxen, 2002)。然而，经济增长和贸易通过产出下降、投资下降和政治不稳定加剧对处于不同发展阶段的国家产生不同的影响，从而影响环境。这些问题很关键，而这种考虑正是本期特刊背后的出发点。2 月出版的最后一期特刊（第 55 卷第 1 期）是关于“贸易战和全球重组和编辑的特别主题”