The European Court of Justice has recently issued rulings on the interpretation of the European Working Time Directive 2003/88, which appear to restrict flexible working time arrangements(especially Matzak C-518/15,Syndicat C-254/18 and CCOOC-55/18). Only a few months prior tothe latter ruling of the CJEU, the Austrian legislator amended the Working Time Act in orderto make it more flexible. The article argues that the measures taken by the Austrian legislator toenable more flexibility and autonomy can still be regarded as compatible with Union law. In general,the article tackles the question of possible further legislative developments in order to strike abalance between autonomy and the need for security of both parties to the employment relationship. Among other suggestions, the article introduces the concept of molecularisation ofworking time and examines whether work intensity should be introduced as a qualitativedimension to the concept of working time, thus deviating from the current European WorkingTime Directive. Finally, the article suggests security measures – often referring to Austria as a bestpractice example – in order to safeguard workers in view of working time flexibility.

中文翻译：

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自治少一点吗？工作时间灵活性的未来及其局限性

欧洲法院最近发布了关于解释欧洲工作时间指令2003/88的裁决，该裁决似乎限制了灵活的工作时间安排（尤其是Matzak C-518 / 15，Syndicat C-254 / 18和CCOOC-55 / 18）。在欧洲法院作出上述裁决的前几个月，奥地利立法者修改了《工作时间法》，以使其更加灵活。文章认为，奥地利立法者采取的旨在带来更大灵活性和自治性的措施仍可被视为与联盟法兼容。总的来说，该条解决了立法可能进一步发展的问题，以便在自治与雇佣关系双方的安全需要之间取得平衡。除其他建议外，本文介绍了工作时间分子化的概念，并研究了是否应将工作强度作为工作时间概念的定性维度引入，从而偏离了当前的《欧洲工作时间指令》。最后，该文章提出了安全措施-通常以奥地利为最佳实践示例-鉴于工作时间的灵活性，以保护工人。