The present elaboration is dedicated to one of the aspects of the Matzak judgment, where CJEU ruled that a standby time which a volunteer firefighter spends at home with the duty to respond to calls from his employer within a few minutes, very significantly restricting the opportunities to do other activities, must be regarded as working time under the Directive 2003/88. The position of the Advocate General, who suggested that ‘the degree of freedom enjoyed by the worker’ and ‘the quality of time’ while a worker is on standby duty should be assessed, as well as the Court’s opinion, that the temporal and geographical constraints imposed on the on-call worker are of decisive importance, have been analysed. In the Author’s view, the binary relationship between ‘working time’ and ‘rest period’, as provided by Directive 2003/88, does not always meet the requirements of the current labour market. Moreover, in the digital age the ‘rest period’ does not necessarily amount to genuine free time. The Author examines possible further legislative developments concerning the concepts of working time and rest period, including the newly emerging idea of the right to disconnect, i.e. the worker’s ability to disconnect from work, especially by not engaging in electronic work-related communications during his rest period.

中文翻译：

---

Matzak判断的潜在含义（休息时间的质量，断开的权利）

目前的阐述专门针对Matzak判决的一个方面，在该判决中，欧洲法院裁定，自愿消防员在家里度过一个待机时间，有义务在几分钟之内响应雇主的来电，这极大地限制了从事其他活动，必须根据2003/88号指令视为工作时间。司法部长的立场建议，应评估“工人在待命状态下享有的自由度”和“时间的质量”，并应法院的意见，即在时间和地域上已经分析了对值班人员施加的限制至关重要。作者认为，第2003/88号指令规定了“工作时间”与“休息时间”之间的二元关系，并不总是能满足当前劳动力市场的要求。此外，在数字时代，“休息时间”不一定等于真正的空闲时间。作者探讨了有关工作时间和休息时间概念的进一步立法发展，包括新出现的断开连接权的概念，即工人断开工作的能力，特别是在休息期间不参与与电子工作相关的通信时期。