The ongoing transformation of work has been increasing the number of working relationships not falling within the domain of labour law. Non-standard and contingent working arrangements, most recently those prompted by the so-called gig economy, struggle to meet customary employment tests, since the employee/self-employed dichotomy has long been eclipsed. As this article will argue, the Court of Justice of the European Union, in shaping the scope of EU labour law, has been looking beyond the traditional categories. Starting from the area of the free movement of workers, the Court has built a common European concept of worker, broader than that of ‘employee’ endorsed by national jurisdictions, applying it to an increasing body of EU social legislation. Because of the primacy of EU law, the Court’s approach is bound to influence national laws.

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将欧盟劳动法超越雇佣合同：欧洲法院的作用

正在进行的工作转换已经增加了不属于劳动法范围的工作关系的数量。非标准和临时性的工作安排，最近是在所谓的零工经济的推动下进行的，努力满足习惯性的就业考验，因为雇员/自雇的二分法早已黯然失色。正如本文将要论证的那样，欧盟法院在制定欧盟劳动法的范围时，已经超越了传统范畴。从工人自由流动的领域开始，法院建立了欧洲共同的工人概念，其范围比国家司法管辖区认可的“雇员”的概念更广泛，并将其应用于越来越多的欧盟社会立法体系中。由于欧盟法律的首要地位，法院的做法势必会影响国家法律。