This contribution intends to shed light on the working conditions of Belgian and Italian Ph.D. students, from the angle of EU law. In Belgium these (mostly young) researchers can be recruited either as ‘Ph.D. fellows’ or ‘teaching assistants’. Ph.D. fellows have a student-like status: they touch a fellowship exempt from personal income tax. However, social contributions are being withheld, for them to enjoy social security benefits and build up pension rights. Teaching assistants have an employee-like position: they receive a salary which is subject to personal income tax as well as to social security contributions. In Italy, Ph.D. students have a standard student-like status, comparable to Belgian Ph.D. fellows. The working hypothesis is that the pressure that (Belgian) universities experience to speed up research efforts (and outcomes) does not necessarily lead to qualitative (employment) relationships but may, instead, create some sort of precarious work. In light of the recent work-life balance Directive, this contribution will illustrate the differences in status with regard to paternity and parental leave.

中文翻译：

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博士学位的定性雇佣关系 欧盟的学生？

该贡献旨在阐明比利时和意大利博士学位的工作条件。学生，从欧盟法律的角度。在比利时，这些（大多数是年轻的）研究人员可以招募为“博士学位”。研究员或“教学助手”。博士 研究员具有学生身份：他们可以免交个人所得税。但是，社会缴款被扣留，因为他们享受社会保障福利并建立了养老金权利。助教有一个类似于雇员的职位：他们的薪水要缴纳个人所得税和社会保障金。在意大利，获得博士学位 学生具有与比利时博士学位相当的标准学生状态。研究员。可行的假设是，（比利时）大学在加速研究工作（和成果）方面所承受的压力并不一定会导致定性（雇佣）关系，而是可能会产生不稳定的工作。根据最近的工作与生活平衡法令，这一贡献将说明在陪产假和育儿假方面地位的差异。