The Concept of worker is the gateway to the access to the protection of labour and social security law. The Court of Justice of the European Union first defined this concept in the field of the Free Movement of Workers in the Lawrie-Blum case. The scope of this article is to compare the definitions used by the Court in the fields of the free movement of workers and in the Social Policy Directives, in order to ascertain to which extent they can differ. Our in-depth analysis of the case law offers a nuanced picture. On one hand, it highlights that the Court tries to extend the application of the Lawrie-Blum formula to Directives which do not refer back to the national definitions of a worker, but that specificities remain in this area, like the emphasis on the link of subordination. On the other hand, for Directives referring to a national concept of workers, the Court began recently to state that, even if the competence of the Member States on this question must be acknowledged, it is not limitless.

工人概念是获取劳动保护和社会保障法的门户。欧洲联盟法院首先在Lawrie-Blum案中的工人自由流动领域中定义了这一概念。本文的范围是比较法院在工人自由流动和社会政策指令领域中使用的定义，以确定它们可以在多大程度上有所不同。我们对判例法的深入分析提供了细微差别。一方面，它突显出法院试图扩大对Lawrie-Blum的适用范围指令的公式，该公式没有涉及工人的国家定义，但该领域仍然存在特殊性，例如强调从属关系。另一方面，对于指示国家工人概念的指令，法院最近开始声明，即使必须承认成员国在这个问题上的权限，也不是没有限制的。