This study examines how perceptions of a story can be altered simply by manipulating the reported winner or loser of a sports contest as well as how individual perceptions of a sports story change when the story is written by a perceived in-group (home nation) versus a perceived out-group (opposing nation). Using a combination of social identity, self-categorization, and hostile media theories, this experimental research aids the understanding of the role nationalism plays in how audiences respond to media gatekeepers from different nations. Results from 219 American participants revealed that the effect of nationalism strength on hostile media perception is greater when the national team loses than when a team wins a game. In addition, the interaction effect of nationalism and game results on the news bias perception is greater when the news is reported in a foreign newspaper than in a domestic newspaper.

中文翻译：

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敌对的体育媒体？

本研究考察了如何通过操纵报道的体育比赛的赢家或输家来改变对故事的看法，以及当故事是由被感知的群体（母国）撰写时，个人对体育故事的看法如何变化。一个被认为是外部群体（对立的国家）。结合社会认同、自我分类和敌对媒体理论，这项实验性研究有助于理解民族主义在观众如何回应来自不同国家的媒体守门人方面所起的作用。来自 219 名美国参与者的结果显示，当国家队输球时，民族主义力量对敌对媒体感知的影响比球队赢球时更大。此外，