Abstract Since the inception of the Baha’ism as an independent faith in Persia, its adherents came under attack from the religious clergy which perceived the growing popularity of this new faith as a threat to their monopolistic position in the society. Education and economy were the two dominant fields where the Baha’is prospered in pre-revolution Iran, thereby contributing to the modernization of Persia. However, being a post-Abrahamic faith in its origin, the Islamic clergy viewed the Baha’is as apostates and an enemy of Islam, which led to the persistent targeting and attacks on the Baha’is over the faith’s origin and as an essentially incompatible and contradictory disposition in the Baha’i–ulema relations. While the pre-revolution Iran show an ulema–monarchy convergence in their attack on the Baha’is, the post-revolution Iran witnessed the same through consolidation of state–ulema powers in the form of the new Islamic Republic. The discrimination and persecutions of the Baha’is in the post-1979 Iran increased considerably, and one can witness a deviation of the homogenous perception on the Baha’is by the religious clergy class. The conservative reformist faction of the ulema has given rise to newer and opposing perspectives on the Baha’is, the largest non-recognized religious minority in Iran.

中文翻译：

---

巴哈伊教在革命后的伊朗：乌理玛的观点

摘要 自从巴哈教作为波斯的独立信仰诞生以来，其信徒就受到了宗教神职人员的攻击，他们认为这种新信仰的日益普及威胁到了他们在社会中的垄断地位。教育和经济是巴哈教在伊朗革命前繁荣的两个主要领域，从而为波斯的现代化做出了贡献。然而，作为后亚伯拉罕信仰的起源，伊斯兰神职人员将巴哈伊教徒视为叛教者和伊斯兰教的敌人，导致对巴哈伊教徒的持续针对和攻击其起源和本质上的不相容。巴哈伊与乌莱玛关系中的矛盾倾向。虽然革命前的伊朗在攻击巴哈伊教时表现出乌里玛与君主制的融合，革命后的伊朗通过以新的伊斯兰共和国的形式巩固国家权力，见证了同样的情况。1979年后伊朗对巴哈伊教徒的歧视和迫害明显增加，可以看到宗教神职人员阶层对巴哈伊教徒的同质化认知出现偏差。乌里玛的保守改革派已经对巴哈伊教产生了新的和对立的观点，巴哈伊教是伊朗最大的未被承认的宗教少数群体。