Abstract In 1950, Israel enacted the Law of Return and 2 years afterwards passed its Citizenship Law. These measures reflected the Zionist goal of encouraging Jewish immigration to Israel/Palestine, so citizenship was mostly limited to Jews. In other words, an ascriptive/ethnic classification was at the foundation of Israeli citizenship. This article explores the construction of the citizenship laws in relation to various forms of categorization—biological descent, cultural belonging, racial classifications, and voluntary affiliation. It asks how the Israeli citizenship policy was presented and which mechanisms were employed in order to justify the incorporation of all Jews, including those from Arab countries, while attempting to exclude non-Jews. After analyzing official state policies and parliamentary debates in Israel regarding the citizenship laws, I present the mechanisms employed to present the ethnic immigration policy. Those mechanisms include emphasizing the positive and democratic sides of allowing Jewish immigration; repeatedly avoiding the usage of racial terminology; highlighting the willingness to incorporate non-Jewish residents; and employing security justifications when prohibiting non-Jewish immigration. Being the Jewish State, Israel wanted to favor Jews in its immigration and naturalization policies. However, being also committed to democratic values and principles, it desired to disassociate itself from racial attitudes.

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介绍种族：以色列公民身份讨论

摘要 1950 年，以色列颁布了《回归法》，2 年后又通过了《公民法》。这些措施反映了犹太复国主义鼓励犹太人移民到以色列/巴勒斯坦的目标，因此公民身份主要限于犹太人。换句话说，归属/种族分类是以色列公民身份的基础。本文探讨了与各种形式的分类——生物血统、文化归属、种族分类和自愿从属关系相关的公民法的构建。它询问以色列公民政策是如何提出的，以及采用了哪些机制来证明将所有犹太人（包括来自阿拉伯国家的犹太人）纳入其中，同时试图排除非犹太人。在分析了以色列关于公民法的官方国家政策和议会辩论之后，我介绍了用于介绍民族移民政策的机制。这些机制包括强调允许犹太移民的积极和民主方面；反复避免使用种族术语；强调接纳非犹太居民的意愿；在禁止非犹太人移民时使用安全理由。作为犹太国家，以色列希望在其移民和归化政策中偏袒犹太人。然而，它也致力于民主价值观和原则，希望与种族态度脱节。这些机制包括强调允许犹太移民的积极和民主方面；反复避免使用种族术语；强调接纳非犹太居民的意愿；在禁止非犹太人移民时使用安全理由。作为犹太国家，以色列希望在其移民和归化政策中偏袒犹太人。然而，它也致力于民主价值观和原则，希望与种族态度脱节。这些机制包括强调允许犹太移民的积极和民主方面；反复避免使用种族术语；强调接纳非犹太居民的意愿；在禁止非犹太人移民时使用安全理由。作为犹太国家，以色列希望在其移民和归化政策中偏袒犹太人。然而，它也致力于民主价值观和原则，希望与种族态度脱节。