Hitherto, no historian has attempted a comprehensive approach to the aims, instruments and practices of Ottoman diplomacy, nor have historians analysed the major claims and evolution of the latter over the longue durée. This article does take a long view, beginning in the 1290s and continuing to the end of territorial expansion, roughly at the turn of the seventeenth century. I propose an exegetic framework to interpret the Ottoman understanding of diplomatic practices, which evolved significantly over the three centuries studied. While changes in the balance of inter-empire power relations were surely a cause, one needs to take account of internal factors as well. As Ottoman sultans and their servitors redefined the political identity of their realm, they redesigned diplomatic practices in conformity with changing priorities.

中文翻译：

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等级制度和友谊：奥斯曼外交文化和交流的实践（1290-1600）

迄今为止，没有历史学家尝试对奥斯曼外交的目标、手段和实践采取全面的方法，也没有历史学家分析后者在长期期间的主要主张和演变。这篇文章确实从长远来看，从 1290 年代开始，一直到领土扩张结束，大约在 17 世纪之交。我提出了一个解释框架来解释奥斯曼帝国对外交实践的理解，这在三个世纪的研究中得到了显着的发展。帝国间权力关系平衡的变化固然是一个原因，但也需要考虑内部因素。随着奥斯曼帝国苏丹及其仆从重新定义其领土的政治身份，他们根据不断变化的优先事项重新设计了外交实践。