This study aims to thoroughly investigate how the different dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) influence firm performance in the Iranian knowledge-based industry. An empirical analysis of data from 155 Iranian knowledge-based firms was performed by employing the PLS method of structural equation modelling. Findings show that there is semantic redundancy among the different dimensions of EO. Specifically, just two of the five dimensions, proactiveness and risk-taking, could account for all the effects of EO on firm performance in the context of the Iranian knowledge-based industry. In addition, moderation, spuriousness, suppression of industrial contingencies and control variables were not at play. From a theoretical point of view, our work confirms that scholars should avoid considering EO as a holistic gestalt in different contexts. It also highlights that proactiveness and risk-taking are the orientations with the strongest effects on performance in Iranian knowledge-based firms. From an empirical point of view, our study sheds light on the importance of these two specific EO dimensions in the selection of human resources and in the development of policies aimed at fostering sustainability of knowledge-based firms. In addition, it represents a contribution to understanding how EO dimensions work in emerging countries, characterised by social and economic systems different from those of the Western world.

中文翻译：

---

创业方向和绩效：伊朗知识型产业中的问题解释方法

这项研究旨在彻底研究创业导向（EO）的不同维度如何影响伊朗知识型产业中的公司绩效。采用结构方程模型的PLS方法对来自155个伊朗知识型企业的数据进行了实证分析。结果表明，EO的不同维度之间存在语义冗余。具体而言，在伊朗知识型产业的背景下，主动性和冒险性这五个维度中只有两个可以解释EO对公司绩效的所有影响。此外，节制，虚假，抑制工业意外事件和控制变量也没有发挥作用。从理论上讲，我们的工作证实，学者们应避免在不同情况下将EO视为一个整体的格式塔。它还强调了积极进取和冒险精神是对伊朗知识型企业绩效产生最大影响的方向。从经验的角度来看，我们的研究揭示了这两个特定的EO维度在人力资源选择和旨在促进知识型企业可持续发展的政策制定中的重要性。此外，它有助于理解新兴市场中的EO维度如何工作，其特点是社会和经济体系不同于西方世界。我们的研究揭示了这两个特定的EO维度在人力资源选择和旨在促进知识型企业可持续发展的政策制定中的重要性。此外，它有助于理解新兴市场中的EO维度如何工作，其特点是社会和经济体系不同于西方世界。我们的研究揭示了这两个特定的EO维度在人力资源选择和旨在促进知识型企业可持续发展的政策制定中的重要性。此外，它有助于理解新兴市场中的EO维度如何工作，其特点是社会和经济体系不同于西方世界。