Anger, its part in human conduct and in crime commission has been much discussed and accorded a privileged status within the law, while the role of fear has been less considered. Notwithstanding, fear and related emotional states have received some recognition as intrinsic elements of the perpetrator’s object integral to the actus reus of certain offences and relevant to the defendant’s mens rea of some defences. The harm caused by deliberately or negligently instilling fear in another is inconsistently considered in law as is its impact on criminal responsibility and mens rea. Fear has been recently acknowledged as a permissible cause of loss of self-control in a partial defence to murder (Coroners and Justice Act 2009 s 55(3)). It remains a contested emotion and as with anger the male experience of what circumstances trigger fear predominates.

中文翻译：

---

认识恐惧情绪在进攻和防御中的作用

愤怒，它在人类行为和犯罪中的作用已被广泛讨论，并在法律范围内享有特权地位，而恐惧的作用却很少被考虑。尽管如此，恐惧和相关的情绪状态已经得到一些认可，作为犯罪者目标的内在要素，是某些犯罪行为的组成部分，并且与被告的某些辩护的犯罪意图相关。故意或疏忽向他人灌输恐惧所造成的伤害在法律上并不一致，因为它对刑事责任和犯罪意图的影响也是如此。最近，恐惧被认为是对谋杀进行部分辩护时失去自我控制的可允许原因（Coroners and Justice Act 2009 s 55(3)）。它仍然是一种有争议的情绪，就像愤怒一样，男性对什么情况会引发恐惧的体验占主导地位。